This study explores the exposure of fishermen in Central Mali to Climate Change impact and the development dams and hydroagricultural schemes. It reveals that fishermen in Sahelian areas are both exposed to climate variability and water development schemes. These constraints thoroughly their capacities to cope with harsh climatic conditions prevailing in Mopti, Mali. Further implication of fishermen communities in decision making and their participation in water development projects may increase considerably their resilience and their capacities to cope with increased climate variability.