The freedom of thought, conscience, and religion, from which stem the tenets of pluralism, tolerance, and open-mindedness, are some of the most basic freedoms of a democratic society. This book illustrates the current state of the freedom of religion or belief in Turkey and the challenges and complex problems facing it, concentrating on the most topical issues: being compelled to reveal one's religion and beliefs on the national identity card, the right of conscientious objection and conscientious objectors, compulsory religious education, recognition of faith groups and the opening of places of worship, and using and wearing religious symbols and dress in the public sphere.