A discussion of fundamental concepts, basic techniques, and the state-of-the-art applications, this booka (TM)s coverage builds from basic underlying theory to more complex ideas related to attosecond optics. It shows how the generation of attosecond optical pulses requires knowledge of femtosecond laser technologies but is also quite distinct from femtosecond laser technologies. The authors elaborate on this point using semi-classical models and quantum mechanics theories. They explain generation of attosecond pulse train and gating methods for extracting single isolated pulses, followed by illustrative examples of attosecond applications.