This book is an attempt to make a comprehensive systematic study of some Cucurbits in Khartoum State.It is studies the morphology, histology and genetic diversity of some Cucurbits in the study area. It is compares morphological, histological and molecular methods as tools of identification of Cucurbits. This provides a comparison between traditional Taxonomy which is based on morphology and modern Taxonomy which is based on DNA characterization.To compare the utility of the DNA marker system for evaluating similarity.