Excerpt from Highlights in the Scientific History and Organization of the National Institutes of Health, 1945-1970

Prior To 1945 - The National Institutes of Health had its origins in 1887 when a research laboratory was founded at the Marine Hospital, Staten Island, N.Y., to meet new responsibilities of the Marine Hospital Service. In 1891 this was renamed the Hygienic Laboratory and moved to Washington, D.C. In 1902, an Advisory Board was established for the Laboratory, this was later to become the National Advisory Health Council. In the same year, Congress gave the Service responsibility for control of biologies. In 1912 the name of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service was changed to Public Health Service. In 1930, the Hygienic Laboratory was renamed the National Institute of Health. In 1937 Congress authorized the National Cancer Institute and the first research grants were made. In 1938 the National Institute of Health moved to Bethesda, Md. In this same year the National Cancer Institute awarded the first research fellowships. In 1944, the Public Health Service Act consolidated and revised existing public health legislation, and gave NIH general legislative authority to conduct research.

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