Hormones, 4th edition, provides a status report on the field of human hormones, viewed in the light of the current understanding of cellular and subcellular architecture, as well as the molecular details of their mode of action. Comprehensive information about hormone action on canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways at cellular and subcellular level and effects on architecture and function of organ systems is discussed. All chapters in this new edition have been completely updated to cover advances in endocrinology research, which has expanded significantly in the last few years. High coverage of hormones not previously covered, and newly discovered aspects of hormone action has been included: consideration of hormonal signaling mechanisms, new drugs used in various hormonally-related diseases and various diseases arising from inappropriate secretions of specific hormones have been integrated into the chapters on the relevant hormones. This new fourth edition of Hormones is intended to be used by advanced undergraduates and graduate students in the biological sciences. It will also provide useful background information for health-professionals, clinicians and researchers in the field of endocrinology, metabolism and biochemistry in general.