This handbook focuses on three items: First, how to improve and develop the cognitive skill of visualizing, a key component to COA analysis (wargaming), second, improving the methods and conduct of action, reaction, and counteraction adjudication of COA analysis with off-the-shelf wargames, and third, thoughts on training the staff. COA analysis is similar to any collective skill, and is perishable if not continually trained and rehearsed. Therefore, it is the purpose of this handbook to provide thoughts on how to develop individuals and staffs so they can better conduct COA analysis during the military decisionmaking process.


Wargaming is a disciplined process, with rules and steps that attempt to visualize the flow of the operation, given the force's strengths and
dispositions, threats, capabilities, and possible COAs, impact and requirements of civilians in the area of operations (AO), and other aspects of the situation.