This research aimed to characterise, map and monitor acid sulphate soils and their environmental impacts efficiently using hyperspectral sensing. The main results and findings fell in six categories: the chemical and mineralogical changes, and related environmental impacts occurring during the controlled oxidation of sulphidic material under naturally simulated conditions, the surface mineralogical changes accompanying oxidation of sulphidic material as detected via reflectance spectra, the spectral characterization of acid sulphate soils, the relationship between soil pHs and spectral characteristics modelled by PLSR and its successful application to predict the distribution of soil pHs, the mapping of potential aluminum toxicity basing on the pH map and aluminosilicate mineral map, and finally, mapping the subsurface soil mineralogy and pH using Hylogger scanning hyperspectral data. These results demonstrated the successes in the application of multiple-sourced hyperspectral sensing technology in studying, identifying and mapping acid sulphate soils in coastal area.