Excerpt from Insurgency: Lectures Delivered at the Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, August, 1900Ayala, writing in 1581 maintained that agreements made with pirates and rebels were not binding because both were public enemies. Grotius, in 1625, took the position that a ruler must keep his word even with deserters and rebels. The practice in regard to the treatment of pirates has been fairly uniform, while the treatment of those who have taken arms against their state has been widely varied. For many years it was common to regard those in arms against their state as' outlaws. In recent years, however, whatever the theories may be, the practice has been to admit in revolutions a condition of hostilities prior to and not car rying with it the full rights of belligerency, which may be called insurgency. (lawrence, Recognition of Belligerency in Naval Warfare, Jour. Royal United Service Institution, XLI, p.Authorities do not agree as to what constitutes war. There is still less agreement as to the grounds justifying a recognition of belligerency. The opportunities for legitimate differences of opinion as to the nature of hostilities, prior to the recognition of belligerency, are' very great.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.