Research and development is no longer a headquarters function. More and more companies internationalize their R&, D activities. The pros and cons of this approach are discussed in this book. The organizational alternatives for international R&, D as well as the consequences that they have for decision making and performing R&, D are also of great interest. Furthermore, measuring success of international R&, D is a very difficult problem that is not yet fully understood. However, suggestions are made to improve present day practise. They are based on a large body of empirical research and management literature.