Intestinal microsporidia has been classified as an obligate intracellular parasite which associated with a significant morbidity and mortality particularly in immunocompromised patients. Intestinal microsporidia infection is an emerging and opportunistic infection to a wide range of human. The infection is commonly reported in HIV-infected individuals previously. However, it had been found to infect the immunocompetent patients as well recently. This review provides a comprehensive information on intestinal microsporidiosis which covers the various aspects of microsporidiosis such as the life cycle, the source and modes of transmission, the symptoms, the diagnosis and others.