This highly informative, insightful, and ambitious study opens numerous windows into the history of Islamic religious thought in the Malay-Indonesian world from the thirteenth to the late twentieth century. The author brings together the results of scholarship published in the last one hundred years concerning the general subject of Islamic thinking over a four hundred year span. The first part addresses theological issues relevant to the wider Islamic world. This helps to anchor the primary Malay-Indonesian study within its worldwide Islamic context. The second part examines Malay-Indonesian Islamic thought in the pre-twentieth century period, while the third concentrates upon Islamic religious thought in Southeast Asia in the modern era.