Jorge Sempr¿n was a member of the Spanish and French communist resistance. He was captured by the Nazis in 1943 and held as a political prisoner. After the war, he was a writer and screenwriter before becoming Minister of Culture in Spain's post-Franco socialist government. Elie Wiesel was born in Romania and deported to Auschwitz in 1944. He is the author of the autobiographical novel Night, which has been translated into more than thirty languages. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. Radu Ioanid is Director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's International Archival Programs Division. He is the author of several books on Romanian history and the Holocaust, including The Holocaust in Romania, which has been translated into several languages Peggy Frankston represents the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in France.