Organized into four major parts, this book begins by presenting a historical overview of the issues involved in integrating GIS and AEC (architecture, engineering, construction) systems. Part II then focuses on the data issue from several viewpoints: data collection, database structures and representation, database management, and visualization. Part III covers the areas of semantics, ontology, and standardization from a theoretical perspective and details many of the best examples of this approach in developing real-world applications. The book concludes with contributions that focus on recent advances in virtual geographic environments and alternative modeling schemes for the potential AEC/GIS interface.