The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is widely recognized as the preeminent institution that defined twentieth-century art through its collection ¿ shaping our understandings of the history of art, with its hierarchies and exclusions, as they sediment over time. MoMA¿s lesser-known holdings of art from Latin America shed light on a key period which created stylistic categories that have since come to be accepted by many today as the Modernist canon. This study sheds light on an as yet unstudied aspect of MoMA¿s preeminent role in establishing the definition of the problematic term "Latin American art" in the United States. In examining shifting categorization of these works according to stylistic and geographic taxonomies, we gain a greater understanding of the organization of the Museum¿s collections as a whole during the 1940s and 1950s. This book is the first to document these institutional precedents, crucial for the understanding of the articulation of a Modernist canon and its contested legacy today.