Part B includes the 'contemporary' and 'alternative' approaches to leadership. The contemporary approaches have a more explicit focus on both the leaders and the development of their followers, the three papers in this area demonstrate this subtle shift, covering the nature of charisma, transformational leadership and leader-member exchange. The alternative approaches seem to take a different tack, but demonstrate a blurring of distinctions between approaches. When levels of analysis are taken seriously, narrow approaches that previously focused solely on followers become broader by including leaders and their linkages with followers.