This book reflects the state of the art in the identification and recognition of occupational diseases. The number of physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial factors affecting workers' health is constantly on the rise. When safety and health measures fail or are not followed, accidents, injuries, diseases, and even deaths may occur. Diseases caused by work need to be identified, victims compensated, and prevention pursued in the workplace. It is therefore essential to establish a list of occupational diseases and to update it regularly in order to maximize preventive strategies and appropriate compensation schemes. The list is designed to assist countries in the prevention, recording, notification, and, if applicable, compensation of diseases caused by work.