Longman Social Studies is a program for English Language Learners (ELLs) and struggling readers who need to learn social studies concepts and vocabulary. It is design for students at the beginning level of English proficiency. Longman Social Studies: The Middle Ages and Early Modern Times covers the Middle Ages and proceeds through the Renaissance to the Industrial Age. The Longman Social Studies program integrates the following best practices for teaching English Language Learners:scaffolding graphic organizers academic language social studies skills