An in depth examination of maldynia, also known as chronic pain, this book explores pain as a bio-cultural phenomenon that necessitates reexamination of medical philosophy, ethics, education, and practice. It provides a historical account of pain and then frames it with contemporary neurobiological perspectives. This book supplies a foundation upon which to illustrate (1) how what we know about pain could and should influence medical education, and the scope, and value (s) of medical practice, and (2) how a knowledge of the history and present considerations of pain might help to construct meaningful, patient-centered medicine.