This study is the first to look at how well AIDS education has worked and to explore the psychosocial factors that underlie behavioral response to initiatives promoting safer sex. Using comparative measures, Rosser profiles a specific population at risk and identifies important differences between homosexual men who engage in safer sex and those who do not. He evaluates the positive and negative effects of different approaches to AIDS education and discusses changes in education, policy, behavior, and attitudes that are needed to halt the epidemic.