It is new area for research on Indian Mining industry economy issues in Mineral and Mining Industry. As part of research work selected public and private mining firms of coal, iron ore, copper, dimensional stones. Study the existing taxes and taxation policy on Mineral industry in India compare with other nations in the world. Give the best taxation policy and measures to support and increase the FDI's in our Mineral sector. Also took the three states Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Goa as case studies and done the research work on sustainable development in mining sector. Find the reality activities in mining areas and noted the CSR programmes for development of communities and indigenous people (PAP) in and around mining areas. This book explains the importance of mineral economics, role of mineral economics in mining industry, and also presents the various impact on indian mining industry due to taxes. Present illegal mining is big problem to countries mineral economy and environment. How iron ore illegal mining takes place at Goa and recommended the measures to control the illegal mining.