This book evaluates why mixed-member systems have recently appealed to many countries with diverse electoral histories, and how well expectations for these systems have been met. Each major country that has adopted a mixed system is given two chapters, one on origins and one on consequences. The countries examined are Germany, New Zealand, Italy, Israel, Japan, Venezuela, Bolivia, Mexico, Hungary, and Russia. In addition, there are chapters on the prospects for a mixed-member system being adopted in Britain and Canada.