Of Asia's 800 million Muslims, 215 million are minorities within their countries. These Muslim minorities have experienced a persistent decline in their socioeconomic and political status. Using detailed analyses of China, India, and the Philippines, this title argues that key factors in this phenomenon include the linkage between socioeconomic decline, loss of political power, and narrowing of identity, nationalism and its associated connotations of the assimilation, the weakness of civil society in Asia, and the rise in regional and global alliances.