This book presents an overview of the current state of research in the field of nanotechnologies and biotechnologies for energy, environment, electronics, and health, as emerging from leading laboratories worldwide. It presents and describes in details the recent research results in the most advanced nanobiotechnology-based methods and their possible applications to energy, environment, electronics, and public health. The book focuses on an array of applications to highlight important aspects of this interdisciplinary approach, underpinning the present challenges and showing the future potential solutions.