By 2030, diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of premature mortality worldwide, according to the World Health Organisation. The application of nanotechnology in medicine holds many possible advantages and over the past few decades, there has been huge progress in its utilisation. Nanotechnology is widely applied for cancer treatment and other diseases, and now its use for diabetes treatment is starting to flourish. The aim of this book is to present the latest developments of nanomedicine for the treatment of different facets of diabetes and related disorders. With a multi-disciplinary approach, chapter focus on previously overlooked topics in glucose sensing, insulin delivery and secretion, bioimaging and transplantation of iselts. This book is suitable for researchers in nanomedicine, nanotechnology and diabetes research looking into the emergence of new research approaches for the treatment of this life-threatening disease.