This book addresses the most significant aspect of human life which is nutrition and health. In our contemporary society, expectations are high, also with respect to our day-to-day diet. Along with being just nutritious, which means providing various important nutrients, including macro- as well as micro-nutrients like proteins, vitamins and minerals, it is expected that a good diet offers further benefits - particularly well-being, good health and the prevention of chronic diseases, which are, as we usually tend to grow older, become a significant obstacle in enjoying private life. Diets rich in non-nutritive components, like phytochemicals, possess extra qualities. Compared to drugs, which are taken particularly to cure or ameliorate diseases, it is expected that a healthy diet acts specifically on the side of prevention, enabling us to age without actually feeling old. This book consists of information regarding selected topics which intends to discuss the recent key issues of nutrition for health, highlighting a reasonable selection of the manifold topics around diet, health and well-being, from the antioxidants polyphenols and carotenoids, aroma-active terpenoids, to calcium for bone health, back to traditional Chinese Medicine.