This book critically examines the available literature on oceanic acidification, including a historical review of pH and atmospheric CO2 levels over the millennia, natural and anthropogenic sources of CO2 to the atmosphere and sea surface, chemical, physical, and biological mode of action, biological effects of acidification to marine plants and animals under laboratory conditions, field observations on seawater chemistry and effects of declining pH, and various technical and political mitigation strategies. Written by Dr. Ronald Eisler, a noted authority on chemical risk assessment, the book summarizes real and projected effects of oceanic acidification.