An oligosaccharide is a saccharide polymer containing a small number of component sugars, also known as simple sugars (monosaccharides). Oligosaccharides can have many functions, for example, they are commonly found on the plasma membrane of animal cells where they can play a role in cell-cell recognition. This book presents topical research data in the study of oligosaccharides, including the study of human and bovine milk oligosaccharides, the health benefits and commercial applications of prebiotic oligosaccharides, classification of oligosaccharides synthesised by enzymes, oligosaccharides from sucrose via glycansucrases, and the Mannan oligosaccharides in aquaculture.