Smart manufacturing fundamentally is about what gains are possible when the required data are available in facilitative formats, when and where needed throughout the enterprise, to apply the best machine or human actions to make the best product with the fewest resources. Importantly, Smart manufacturing is also about using these data to control, manage, and optimize at the scale of enterprises ranging from factory operations to supply chains and industry ecosystems. Smart manufacturing's greater opportunity lies with its scale, comprehensiveness, and interconnectedness, which can optimize raw material-to-product use, improve the productivity, precision, and performance of factories and supply chains, and address the increasing complexities of economic, social, and environmental sustainability that need to be managed and optimized in a competitive landscape. Options for a National Plan for Smart Manufacturing examines technical frameworks and processes, identifies possible timelines and necessary resources to achieve continued success in smart manufacturing, and explores policies and general roles for government, industry, and academia to address near-, medium-, and long-term challenges to improve the productivity and energy efficiency of the manufacturing sector of the United States and ensure U.S. competitiveness. A particular focus is given to system integration issues, including incorporating manufacturing science, materials science, energy science, and other critical domains. This report also explores education, training, and workforce needs for smart manufacturing and makes recommendations to leverage, support, and amplify existing workforce development infrastructures, investments, and systems.