Petroleum is a naturally occurring fluid which is refined to extract varied types of fuels. It is primarily obtained by the process of drilling. Kerosene and gasoline are the primary forms of fuels derived from petroleum through chemical processes of distillation. The by-products of petroleum extraction include asphalt, tar, paraffin wax, etc. Petroleum is a non-renewable form of energy and its reservoirs are depleting at a rapid pace. This book delves into the diverse aspects of petroleum extraction, refining, production, etc. and the impact they have on the environment. The various aspects of this field along with technological progress that have future implications have also been glanced at. For all readers who are interested in petroleum technology, the case studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.