Plants are the earliest living species on earth and are reason for the existence of almost all life forms. Most of the resources used by human beings and other living organisms are derived from different varieties of plants. Plant science is an umbrella discipline that studies the development, reproduction, evolution, interaction and uses of plants. This book discusses some of the topics of prime importance such as plant breeding, plant cytogenetics, cytology, plant ecology, plant genetic resources and databases, plant genetics, plant genomes, bioinformatics and genomics, etc. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the area of plant science. For all readers who are interested in this field, the case studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.