What has happened to religion in its present manifestations? In recent years, Enlightenment secularization, as it appeared in the global spread of political structures that relegate the sacred to a private sphere, seems suddenly to have foundered. Unexpectedly, it has discovered its own parochialism?has discovered, indeed, that secularization may never have taken place at all. With the ?return of the religious, ? in all aspects of contemporary social, political, and religious life, the question of political theology?of the relation between ?political? and ?religious? domains?takes on new meaning and new urgency. In this groundbreaking book, distinguished scholars from many disciplines?philosophy, political theory, anthropology, classics, and religious studies?seek to take the full measure of this question in today's world.