The Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System, Fourth Edition aims to provide a concise and accessible overview of autonomic neuroscience for students, scientists, and clinicians. In spite of its compact size, its 144 chapters draw on the expertise of more than 175 basic scientists and clinicians and discusses key information on how the autonomic nervous system controls the body, particularly in response to stress. This fourth edition builds upon the principles of the prior editions, while focusing on the translational crossover between basic and clinical research. In addition to comprehensively covering all aspects of autonomic physiology and pathology, the new edition features exciting topics such as psychopharmacology and decoding and modulating nerve function.