Despite advances in the delivery of high-quality cancer care and improvements in patient outcomes in recent years, disparities in cancer incidence, care, and patient outcomes persist. To examine opportunities to improve health equity across the cancer care continuum, the National Cancer Policy Forum and the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity hosted a public workshop, Promoting Health Equity in Cancer Care, on October 25 and October 26, 2021. This virtual workshop featured presentations and panel discussions on topics that included: opportunities to improve equitable access to affordable, high-quality cancer care, strategies to identify and address the intersectionality of structural racism and implicit bias in cancer care delivery, the potential for quality measurement and payment mechanisms to incentivize health equity in cancer care delivery, and clinical practice data collection efforts to better assess and care for people living with and beyond cancer. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.