Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic disease, is raising its head as the most threatening health menace in the developing countries, particularly in India. It is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium TB which affects any part of the body, like lungs, bones, brain lymph nodes etc. It is contagious and spreads through droplets that can travel through the air when an infected person coughs and sneezes. Poverty, over-crowding, nutrition deficiency, social inequality, large family size, low socio-economic condition, lack of timely and adequate medical aid and poor sanitation are some important causes which enhances of disease the person present with low grade fever, cough, loss of weight, sweating at night and general exhaustion. This book is devoted to analyse the various issues of TB in a systematic way of the region of Varanasi, India. It deals a brief introduction on TB, its various studies and a conceptual orientation in medical geography. This book analyses the spatial distribution of the prevalence of TB focussing on its spatial pattern, social dimensions. It deals with analysis and evaluation of various TB programmes needed for control of TB.