InPartIIweestimateseveralmodelsthataccountforvariationindeviant behaviormeasuredintheninthgradeintermsofconstructsmeasuredinthesev­ enthandeighthgrades. InChapter3weestimate, forallsubjectswhoprovideddata duringtheseventh, eighth, andninthgradetestings, aseriesoffourincreasingly elaboratedmodelsinwhichanewvariableisaddedtotheimmediatelypreceding modelasplayingcommonantecedentand/orinterveningexplanatoryroles. The vii viii Preface mostinclusivemodelhasbeenpublishedpreviouslyinitspresentform(Kaplan & Johnson, 1991), thethreelessinclusivemodelshaveappearedinsomewhatdiffer­ entform(Johnson &Kaplan, , 1987, Kaplan, Johnson, &Bailey, , 1986, 1987, Kaplan, Martin, &Johnson, , 1986). Thepresentversionsdifferfromtheearlierversionsin termsofexogenousvariables, measurementvariables, samplesize, andinclusionof correlateddisturbancesinthemodels. Therepetitionofthemostinclusivemodel andthereestimationoftheotherthreemodelspermitustodescribeandeasilycom­ municatetheeffectsofeachsuccessivetheoreticalelaborationandtodiscussthe resultsingreaterdetailthanpublicationintheperiodicalliteraturegenerallyper­ mits. Thereproductionofthemostinclusivemodelalsoprovidesabaseagainst whichwecancomparethemodelsestimatedinthenexttwochapters. InChapters 4and5, respectively, weestimatethismodelforsubgroupsinordertotestassump­ tionsabouttheequivalenceofmeasurementmodelsandstructuralinvariance betweenthedifferentsocialgroupings. InChapter4weestimatethemodelfor malesandfemales. InChapter5weestimatethemostinclusiveexplanatorymodel forsubgroupsdifferentiatedaccordingtorace/ethnicity. InPartIIIwereportanalysesthataddressthevalidityofthemodelasan explanationofdeviantbehaviorthatismeasuredandexpressedinyoungadult­ hood. InChapter6theelaboratedmodelasanexplanationofdeviantbehaviorin youngadulthoodisestimatedforthemostinclusivegroupingavailable, white malesandfemalesconsideredtogether. Whenwewereattemptingtoconductsub­ groupanalysisforgroupsdifferentiatedaccordingtorace/ethnicity, itbecame apparentthat-unlikethesit