With one teaspoon of crop residue potentially able to produce as much as 100 gallons of ethanol, it is no wonder that biomass is being considered a viable alternative to grain-based biofuel. However, crop residue removal techniques can lead to severe adverse effects on the soil and environment. This volume presents the state-of-the-knowledge to collate, review, and synthesize the available information pertaining to biofuel production. It addresses the strain that crop residue removal places on soil quality, the proper means of farming systems for biofuel production, the various plant species used for bioenergy plantations, and the myths and facts surrounding biofuels.