Atmospheric carbonaceous particulate matter is of great interest due to their high abundances in the ambient air and significant adverse impacts on environment and human health. Prior to designing effective regulatory control strategies, one important task is source apportionment. A source apportionment model, Chemical Mass Balance, based on molecular markers, has previously been applied effectively in many regions, yet its precision depends on the accuracy of the input source profiles and monitored ambient pollutant data. Therefore, this book aims to apportion carbonaceous particulate matter from the major sources - combustion sources in China, and provides detailed methods establishing process and comprehensive source testing results, including speciated organic matter in automotive exhausts, oil fueled boiler emissions, as well as coal and biomass combustion emissions. It describes the first source apportionment study using local source profiles in China, and is the first panoramic aerosol source study specified by molecular markers in China, which provides guidance for atmospheric pollution control strategy.