Advances of modern technologies produce huge amounts of data in various fields, increasing the need for efficient and effective data mining tools to uncover the information contained implicitly in the data. This book mainly aims to introduce innovative and solid algorithms for data mining from a novel perspective: synchronization. Synchronization, a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature that a group of events spontaneously come into co-occurrence with a common rhythm through mutual interactions. The mechanism of synchronization allows controlling of complex processes by simple operations based on interactions between objects. The first main part of this book focuses on the innovative algorithms for data mining. Inspired by the concept of synchronization, this book presents several data mining algorithms and shows their desirable properities inherited from the principle of synchronization. Not only the theory research on novel data mining algorithms, the second main part of the book focuses on the data mining applications, especially for brain network analysis.