There is a significant threat for today¿s economics represented by deep structural changes conducted without detailed impact assessment. The system of today¿s economics not only became almost inextricably complicated but it is also dangerous for the future development of the society. Energy industry represents in this economic environment a critical system. It¿ s changing structure is influencing social welfare and competitiveness of national economies on global market. This monograph provides a systematic approach to assessment of energy industry structural changes, especially for implementation of Smart Grids concept. Without a detailed analysis, any additional regulation will not have a required positive influence on future social welfare.