Inhabitants of the oil rich coastal areas of Delta State, Nigeria are faced with problems of poverty, unemployment and deteriorating economic conditions. They engaged in fishing activities and shrimps production for consumption and to earn income for livelihood. Formulation of policy measures to address these problems are hampered by lack of relevant empirical data on technical efficiencies and socioeconomic characteristics of artisanal shrimp fishers. Using the Cobb Douglas stochastic production frontier analysis, this book provides an in-depth analysis of the technical efficiency, specific factors that affects efficiency levels, costs, revenues and profit structures of shrimp fishers in the study area, motorized, non-motorized and male and female non-motorized sectors. Results showed different levels of technical efficiencies and high profitability margins of shrimp fishing enterprises of each group. These findings are useful guide to academics, government officials, policy makers, donor agencies and oil companies in the formulation, design and implementation of pro poor rural income enhancing policies and programs and to anyone else interested in investing in the shrimp sector.