The Assumption of Agency Theory revisits the Turing Test and examines what Turing¿s assessor knew. It asks important questions about how machines vis à vis humans have been characterized since Turing, and seeks to reverse the trend of looking closely at the machine by asking what humans know in interaction and how they know it. This book characterizes a non-human agent that shows itself in interaction but is distinct from human agency: an agent acting with us in our ongoing reproduction and transformation of structure. Turing predicted that at the end of the twentieth century, we would refer to thinking machines `without fear of contradiction¿. The Assumption of Agency Theory shows how and why, even if we don¿t say it, we deal with machines every day as if they are thinking, acting agents.