In 1105 Damascene Muslim jurisprudent `Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami (d. 1106) dictated a call to the military jihad against the European invaders. Entitled Kitab al-Jihad, al-Sulami¿s work summoned his Muslim brethren to the jihad and instructed them in the manner in which it ought to be conducted. The text is vital for understan