Part I. The Entangled Bank1 Specialization within Darwin's Entangled Bank2 From the Entangled Bank to the Evolutionary Synthesis3 Specialization and Coevolution since the Evolutionary SynthesisPart II. The Evolution of Specialization4 Phylogeny of Specialization5 Evolutionary Genetics of Specialization6 Ontogeny of SpecializationPart III. Natural Selection and the Geographic Structure of Specialization7 Why Parasitism is Special8 Choosing among Multiple Victims9 Coping with Multiple Enemies: The Geography of Defense10 Extreme Specialization in Mutualists11 Further Limitations on Specialization in MutualismsPart IV. Specialization and Coevolution12 Genetics of Coevolution13 The Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution14 Diversifying Coevolution15 Asymmetries in Specialization and Coevolution16 Pushing the Limits of Coevolution