As one of the few groups in the Greco-Roman world to resist cultural assimilation, the Jews remained an object of fascination throughout antiquity. Here research associate Margaret Williams assembles, assesses, and contextualizes a wealth of literary and archaeological evidence relating to Jewish communities outside the land of Israel beginning with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C.E. and concluding with the demise of the Jewish Patriarchate around 420 C.E. 4 illustrations.