Immortalized in Churchill's often quoted assertion that never before "was so much owed by so many to so few, " the top-down narrative of the Battle of Britain has been firmly established in British legend: Britain was saved from German invasion by the gallant band of Fighter Command Pilots in their Spitfires and Hurricanes, and the public owed them their freedom.Richard North's radical re-evaluation of the Battle of Britain dismantles this mythical retelling of events. Taking a wider perspective than the much-discussed air war, North takes a fresh look at the conflict as a whole to show that the civilian experience and participation, far from being separate and distinct, was integral to the Battle. This recovery of the people's history demonstrates that Hitler's aim was not the military conquest of England, and that his unattained target was the hearts and minds of the British people.