This volume contains twenty-five papers presented at the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project held in Melbourne in 2000, plus several other invited papers, which together reflect the multidisciplinary nature of the project. Five deal with the Pleistocene and Holocene archaeology, including the first charaterization of the Older Middle Stone Age culture of the Oasis, there are three on pharaonic archaeology and fifteen devoted to Roman period Kellis. They include: discussions of the most recent archaeological work, the first detailed publication of a unique glass jug decorated with scenes of combatant gladiators, accompanied by colour images, and specialist reports on human skeletal remains.