In today’s ever globalised world, we are witness to a shifting world order with significant changes not only in political-economic relationships but also in the changing demographics of developing nations.  This handbook explores how many developing countries have remained extremely vulnerable to external shocks of all kinds, and the need for the global community to face up to the shared challenges of sustainable development, i.e. to search for a social, economic, financial and environmentally sustainable path for the global economy.There are deep and strategically crucial, conceptual and policy links between development paths and the multi-dimensional questions of sustainability. Yet, these links, currently, are not well examined analytically or documented in the current literature of development economics.  Each chapter in this handbook explores these conceptual and policy links by setting appropriate questions and critically reviewing relevant literature. Taking on these challenges, while remaining relevant to real world issues, requires critical appraisal of a variety of methodological approaches and analytical tools. Such thoughts and approaches will lead to a formulation of fresh policy perspectives for addressing challenges and advancing sustainable development in the ever inter-connected, dynamically evolving and globalised environments of the 21st century.