Excerpt from The Reformation in Sweden: Its Rise, Progress, and Crisis, And Its Triumph Under Charles IX

The history of Scandinavia, previous to the union of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, under Queen Margaret, in accordance with the treaty of Calmar, is a record of violent commotions and revolutions, and of incessant wars between the three kingdoms. There is very little in it to repay the student of general history for the time and toil it will cost him to acquire any coherent idea of its ever-shifting conditions, and still less to attract or reward the student of ecclesiastical history.

The reigns of Birger, 1290-1319, and of his son Magnus, 1319-1363, in Sweden, were so marked by cruelty and disaster to the nation that some of the banished nobles invited Albert, Count of Mecklenburg, son of the sister of Magnus, to invade the kingdom and take possession of the throne. He accepted the invitation and succeeded to the throne and reigned from 1363 to 1389. But his favors to Germans so offended the native nobility that they compelled him to dismiss his German favorites, and to accept one of their number, Bo Jonsson, as his chief adviser in the government.

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