This work concerns the men of the world in contrast to God's people in the Covenant of Grace. Worldly men mind earthly things which are temporary. This is their portion, and ultimately their demise. The people of God have their inheritance in Jesus Christ which is presently sealed by the Spirit while they live on earth, but given in its fullness in heaven.

Burroughs biblically and practically explains Psalm 17:14 on the worldling's portion, "From men of the world, who have their portion in this life, " and from Psalm 16:3 for the saint's inheritance, "But to the saints that are in the earth, and to the excellent men in whom is all my delight."

Christians must keep their eye on the treasure of God in heaven, rather than the fleeting lusts that men are drawn into here on earth. They must be heavenly minded, not worldly minded.